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Gadolinium

Nederlandstalig versie
Gadolinium (Gd) is a rare earth metal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium .

Magnetic properties

Gadolinium has a Curie temperature of 20 °C. That is it is ferromagnetic below 20 °C and paramagnetic above 20 °C.

Engine

This effect can be used to make a (very inefficient) thermal engine .
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2qO-AbH08A
gadolinium.jpg

Curie temperature

All ferromagnetic materials have a Curie temperature
Material Curie Temperature (K) °C
Dysprosium (Dy) 88 -185
Gadolinium (Gd) 292 19
Chromium dioxide CrO2 386 113
Nickel (Ni) 631 358
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) 948 675
Iron (Fe) 1043 770
Cobalt (Co) 1400 1127
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_temperature

Examples

5 Eurocent ½ inch chromium dioxide tape dubbeltje (2x0.05 Guilders) Quarter (25 Dollarcent)
5-eurocent.jpg BNC-tape.jpg dubbeltje.jpg quarter.jpg
Composition copper coated iron CrO2 nickel 91.67% Cu 8.33% Ni
Ferromagnetic Yes Yes Yes No

History

Gadolinium was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886 and named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin (1760-1852).
Periodic_table_gadolinium.jpg Johan_Gadolin-1779-texted.jpg
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